Norms of Christian Theology

1. The sources and norms of Christian Theology I understand scripture, tradition, reason and experience as the sources and norms of Christian theology. Revealing the knowledge of God, guides us to know God, and inform our action and practice as believers, they are the sources as witnesses that points to the knowledge of God. At that same time, they are norms by which we can judge our understanding of God and correct our behaviors as children of God 2. Understanding of the source and norms Scripture is the witness of God’s revelation through Jesus Christ.This is crucial source not only to form academic study within Christianity, but to use in public worship, meditate the word of God, and transform Christians’ life and the world. There is New Testament and Old Testament. For a long time, putting the center as the point of Jesus Christ, church tradition considered that Old Testament point forward and New Testament point back to Jesus Christ. However, we need to understand that both of them are not only the account to testify of God saving action throughout history, but also the expectation of Christians’ hope confirmed by God.In terms of the Old Testament, it is important, first of all, because it reveals the essential characters of God who reveals in Christ: through the story of Israel, we can see God who is faithful, promised to his people, delivered them from bondage, and keep promising hope. Secondly, Old Testament also anticipates the same future with which New Testament anticipates. That is hope confirmed by God. The New Testament is important in that it tells Christ in different ways. It is not only story looking back, but that looking forward in which Christ will come again and God’s unfulfilled promise will be fulfilled.Tradition is the proclamation of the word of God in which believers in communities of faith understood, taught, preached, meditated, and shared the world of God at different ages with various ways. There are thr ee views of relevance of tradition. The first is magisterial view in which tradition as DUAL SOURCE has the same authority with scripture. In this view, scripture is the written form of apostolic witness of Jesus Christ, personal revelation and tradition is the oral form which is communicated hand out by apostles and witnesses generation to generation.The example is devotion to Mary, the central role of Bishop or Room. With Magisterial authority it has been very successful at maintaining the visible unity in church. However, it was challenged by Protestants to give the authority to only scripture. The second is diaconal (service) view in which tradition as ONE SOURCE subordinate to and measured by scripture. In this view, like Nicaea creed and Apostle Creed, does not communicate with the true of scripture, but hear in scripture and summarize it with new and fresh language.On balance, diaconal view seems to be best able to honor the past and the evangelical impulse to measure everyth ing against Scripture. However, it still gives us question where the tradition communicate in which the scripture silence? In this vein, Martin Luther who denies dual source view also did not agree with single source view. It is because that traditions treated with respect and values where the scripture silence and did not contradict scripture. The third view is diabolical in which tradition is dangerous and misleading.Insisting that only authority encountering revelation is through the word of God, Free Church and Baptist part of radical reformation have non creedal tradition. As a distinguish character of human beings, reason is a tool of thought that we use to understand. It question Christians if Christian faith is self-consist and it consist with other things we believe. There are three approaches to understand the relationship of reason to the knowledge of God. The first is that reason is no role to understand the knowledge of God.It is not necessary to be Christian faith self -consist. As a human instrument, there is no value at all in reason dealing with divine. Without reason, we simply believe. The second is that reason completely adequate to understand the world and God. According to this view, reason tells us everything reliable, and the fact that we can know about God is the fruit of reason. Enlightenment, Deism, Thomas Jefferson approached reason into a magisterial level. In this view, reason helps us to have consistency with the others we believe when they are reasonable.However, if there is conflict between reason and faith because faith is something beyond reason, this view couldn’t provide consistency. The third view is that reason is wonderful gift from God, relevant to things of the world, things of God. However, it is not sufficient for understanding things of the world and God. In this view, faith and reason is not a relationship of contradictory, but two wings of a bird, where reason provides first, faith provides second. Faith is root and reason is stem. Reason by itself is fully inadequate, but helps deepen our understanding of Scripture, tradition and ourselves.Experience is to experience God in personal life. It is not usually listed the source and norm of theology with other three (ex, Episcopal Church), but it is very typical in Methodist. Because it played very roles in different theology, it is interesting source and norm. McGrath suggests two models of experience. The first is that experience provides a foundational resource of Christian theology. It means that 1st hand encounter is the surest from of knowledge and self-explanatory; other things become more intelligible because of that experience.Second, theology is a framework to interpret human experience. In this view, experience is not capable of interpreting by itself, but interpreted by theology. For example, Wesley emphasized experiential dimension of Christian life and experiential faith. He thought his great experience reversed as tied up as a sense of joy and assurance in which the gospel became true for him. Lots of liberation theologian also interpreted their experience as hardship, injustice and oppression in light of God’s salvation through Jesus Christ.However, here is question, if experience becomes a identify mark and determined whether or not disciple, what happens feel more, less, or dried up? In addition, one’s experience can be revised and transformed. In that sense, Karl Barth said that experience is relevant, so not equally easy to receive the gospel. 3. Difficulty to understand scripture, tradition, reason and experience as norms and sources of theology As I mentioned in the beginning, scripture, tradition, reason and experience are the sources and norms of theology.As sources, they sustain Christians’ life so that their understanding and knowledge become nourish to know God. At the same time, by using them as norms, we can measure other testimonies. One of difficulty is that we easi ly want to make them norms; we are not accepting them as sources. We need to receive them as sources which inform our action and practice in Christ. 4. Relation with the personal word of God, Jesus Christ. In Barth’ three folds of the word of God, the center is the personal word of God, Jesus Christ. The second circle is apostolic witnesses about Jesus Christ.Then the third is proclamation in which literal word of God proclaims today through various ways and activities. Reflecting these four sources on the three folds of the word of God, scripture is witness of the personal word of God, Jesus Christ. Tradition is in between scripture and proclamation. It is because that tradition is witnesses of the personal word of God as well as proclamation of the word of God today. Finally, reason and experience have dimension of all three dimensions; scripture, tradition, and proclamations.

My Life Goals

Pete Blankenship Mr. Letz English 101 25 September 2012 My Life Goals I’m eighteen years old and my birthday is on February 23, 1994. My name is Thomas Earl Blankenship IV, but I go by Pete. I am from Mobile, Alabama and I live on Dog River. I played soccer, basketball, and ran cross country in high school. Soccer is my favorite sport and the team I was on in high school won the state championship twice, and I got named MVP the past two seasons. I have two little brothers Murray(17) and Jack(14). I also have an older sister Katherine(24). Being the oldest boy in the family is challenging sometimes but its a responsibility that I love to have.I attended a military high school called UMS-Wright, and their code of conduct was very strict. My life love is music and my ultimate dream is to become a music producer in Nashville, Tennessee. My goals on a short term scale for this semester are primarily academic, emotional, spiritual, and personal/professional. By the end of this semes ter I will have accumulated a g. p. a. of a 3. 5 or higher. To do this I will have to give up nights with friends and partying, but I believe it will all be worth it. I want to have a fantastic resume academically. My personality and work ethic are what I think will gain me the career choice that i desire.Another goal I will have achieved by the end of the semester is to find a group of people that I can play music with and practice my recording abilities with. I want to do this because music is the love of my life and without it I think I would be depressed. It’s too soon to tell if life without music effects me emotionally or spiritually because it has only been a few weeks in college, but it has been something that will always cheer me up in bad times and relieves stress when I am feeling overwhelmed. I want to find people to play with to achieve my personal goal of becoming a music producer in Nashville.A goal on a spiritual level is to grow stronger in my faith with Chri st. I have always been a relatively religious person, but I have noticed that when I am not being made by my parents to say my prayers and go to church it is much harder to do so. After coming to the realization that a relationship with Christ is something that I believe I need to be truly happy, I have a set a goal to go to my fraternities bible study every week and to begin going to Campus Crusade. By the end of the year my goals are to finish the year with a minimum 3. 5 G. P. A. to have a house reserved and have selected roommates that I believe will better me as a person, to have achieved at least 80 hours of community service, and to be playing with a band for money. I need to finish with a great G. P. A. because grades are important to me and are a small symbol of your work ethic, so that my resume looks well enough to get the interviews and opportunities that I desire. I want to have 80 service hours to have an outstanding and philanthropic resume. I also want to be a lot mo re frugal with my money and begin playing gigs for money to earn an income and become more responsible.I also want to have accepted and be on the way to an internship in Nashville, Tennessee that I was offered last summer. These final goals I hope to be completed by the time I am 45 years old. I will have a small family in Mobile, Alabama. I will own a recording studio out of Nashville, Tennessee that I can manage from Mobile. I will be able to do this because most music production can be done online and sent through the internet through email. I will also be a millionaire by this point through smart stock investments. I will be known as a man of character and integrity, through honest business transactions and kind actions.I will be a spiritual leader in my family and my community. I will achieve this reputation through a strong group of Christian people to keep me accountable for my actions. My life goals are very important to me now that I am in college. I feel much more obligate d to continue trying my best and staying responsible. Now that there is added pressure to be my best and school is not just school now, it’s training for a career. I will do my best to accomplish my short term goals and continue to gain ground on my ultimate goal of owning a recording studio and achieving happiness through my walk with Christ and providing for my family.

Deception Point Page 40

â€Å"This photo reveals,† Tench said, â€Å"that your candidate is holding secret meetings with an organization that represents private space enterprises.† Tench motioned to several other documents on the table. â€Å"We also have internal SFF memos calling for huge sums of money to be collected from SFF member companies-in amounts commensurate with their net worth-and transferred to accounts controlled by Senator Sexton. In effect, these private space agencies are anteing up to put Sexton in office. I can only assume he has agreed to pass the commercialization bill and privatize NASA if elected.† Gabrielle looked at the pile of papers, unconvinced. â€Å"Do you expect me to believe that the White House has evidence that its opponent is engaged in profoundly illegal campaign finance-and yet, for some reason, you are keeping it secret?† â€Å"What would you believe?† Gabrielle glared. â€Å"Frankly, considering your skills for manipulation, a more logical solution seems that you are plying me somehow with phony documents and photos produced by some enterprising White House staffer and his desktop publishing computer.† â€Å"Possible, I admit. But not true.† â€Å"No? Then how did you get all these internal documents from corporations? The resources required to steal all of this evidence from so many companies certainly exceeds the grasp of the White House.† â€Å"You're right. This information arrived here as an unsolicited gift.† Gabrielle was now lost. â€Å"Oh yes,† Tench said, â€Å"we get a lot of it. The President has many powerful political allies who would like to see him stay in office. Remember, your candidate is suggesting cuts all over the place-a lot of them right here in Washington. Senator Sexton certainly has no qualms about citing the FBI's bloated budget as an example of government overspending. He's taken some potshots at the IRS, too. Maybe someone at the bureau or at the service got a little annoyed.† Gabrielle got the implication. People at the FBI and IRS would have ways of getting this kind of information. They might then send it to the White House as an unsolicited favor to help the President's election. But what Gabrielle could not make herself believe was that Senator Sexton would ever be engaged in illegal campaign funding. â€Å"If this data is accurate,† Gabrielle challenged, â€Å"which I strongly doubt it is, why haven't you gone public?† â€Å"Why do you think?† â€Å"Because it was gathered illegally.† â€Å"How we got it makes no difference.† â€Å"Of course it makes a difference. It's inadmissible in a hearing.† â€Å"What hearing? We'd simply leak this to a newspaper, and they'd run it as a ‘credible-source' story with photos and documentation. Sexton would be guilty until proven innocent. His vocal anti-NASA stance would be virtual proof that he is taking bribes.† Gabrielle knew it was true. â€Å"Fine,† she challenged, â€Å"then why haven't you leaked the information?† â€Å"Because it's a negative. The President promised not to go negative in the campaign and he wants to stick to that promise as long as he can.† Yeah, right! â€Å"You're telling me the President is so upstanding that he refuses to go public with this because people might consider it a negative?† â€Å"It's a negative for the country. It implicates dozens of private companies, many of which are made up of honest people. It besmirches the office of the U.S. Senate and is bad for the country's morale. Dishonest politicians hurt all politicians. Americans need to trust their leaders. This would be an ugly investigation and would most likely send a U.S. senator and numerous prominent aerospace executives to jail.† Although Tench's logic did make sense, Gabrielle still doubted the allegations. â€Å"What does any of this have to do with me?† â€Å"Simply put, Ms. Ashe, if we release these documents, your candidate will be indicted for illegal campaign financing, lose his Senate seat, and most likely do prison time.† Tench paused. â€Å"Unless†¦ â€Å" Gabrielle saw a snakelike glint in the senior adviser's eyes. â€Å"Unless what?† Tench took a long drag on her cigarette. â€Å"Unless you decide to help us avoid all that.† A murky silence settled over the room. Tench coughed roughly. â€Å"Gabrielle, listen, I decided to share this unfortunate information with you for three reasons. First, to show you Zach Herney is a decent man who considers the government's well-being before his personal gain. Second, to inform you that your candidate is not as trustworthy as you might think. And third, to persuade you to accept the offer I am about to make.† â€Å"That offer being?† â€Å"I'd like to offer you a chance to do the right thing. The patriotic thing. Whether you know it or not, you're in a unique position to spare Washington all kinds of unpleasant scandal. If you can do what I am about to ask, perhaps you could even earn yourself a place on the President's team.† A place on the President's team? Gabrielle couldn't believe what she was hearing. â€Å"Ms. Tench, whatever you have in mind, I do not appreciate being black-mailed, coerced, or talked down to. I work for the senator's campaign because I believe in his politics. And if this is any indication of the way Zach Herney exerts political influence, I have no interest in being associated with him! If you've got something on Senator Sexton, then I suggest you leak it to the press. Frankly, I think this whole thing's a sham.† Tench gave a dreary sigh. â€Å"Gabrielle, your candidate's illegal funding is a fact. I'm sorry. I know you trust him.† She lowered her voice. â€Å"Look, here's the point. The President and I will go public with the funding issue if we must, but it will get ugly on a grand scale. This scandal involves several major U.S. corporations breaking the law. A lot of innocent people will pay the price.† She took a long drag and exhaled. â€Å"What the President and I are hoping for here†¦ is some other way to discredit the senator's ethics. A way that is more contained†¦ one in which no innocent parties get hurt.† Tench set down her cigarette and folded her hands. â€Å"Simply put, we would like you to publicly admit that you had an affair with the senator.† Gabrielle's entire body went rigid. Tench sounded utterly certain of herself. Impossible, Gabrielle knew. There was no proof. The sex had happened only once, behind locked doors in Sexton's senatorial office. Tench has nothing. She's fishing. Gabrielle fought to retain her steady tone. â€Å"You assume a lot, Ms. Tench.† â€Å"Which? That you had an affair? Or that you would abandon your candidate?† â€Å"Both.† Tench gave a curt smile and stood up. â€Å"Well, let's put one of those facts to rest right now, shall we?† She walked to her wall safe again and returned with a red manila folder. It was stamped with the White House seal. She unhooked the clasp, tipped the envelope over, and dumped the contents out on the desk in front of Gabrielle. As dozens of color photographs spilled out onto the desk, Gabrielle saw her entire career come crashing down before her. 46 Outside the habisphere, the katabatic wind roaring down off the glacier was nothing like the ocean winds Tolland was accustomed to. On the ocean, wind was a function of tides and pressure fronts and came in gusting ebbs and flows. The katabatic, however, was a slave to simple physics-heavy cold air rushing down a glacial incline like a tidal wave. It was the most resolute gale force Tolland had ever experienced. Had it been coming at twenty knots, the katabatic would have been a sailor's dream, but at its current eighty knots it could quickly become a nightmare even for those on solid ground. Tolland found that if he paused and leaned backward, the stalwart squall could easily prop him up.

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The Success of a Business Entity that Depends on an Interplay of Internal and External Factors - Essay Example One of these companies is DHL. DHL is an express shipping multinational company operating in 220 countries and territories around the globe. It employed more than 22,000 people and delivers more than 1.2 million packages daily (Scott 2007). It is the objective of this essay to discuss the underlying strategies that make DHL a global leader in their field of endeavor using SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis proffers DHL Company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in both their internal and external environments. The first question that comes to mind when one hears the name of DHL is: where did this company name come from? According to the history of DHL, the name came from the first letters of the last names of the owners or founders of the company: Adrian Dalsey, Larry Hillblom and Robert Lynn (DHL 2008). These founders started the company in September 1969 at San Francisco, USA. It was a milestone when â€Å"the founders began to personally ship papers by airplane from San Francisco to Honolulu, beginning customs clearance of the ship's cargo before the actual arrival of the ship and dramatically reducing waiting time in the harbor† (ibid). Using this concept, delivery of documents was rapidly done through international air express. In a span of fewer than twenty years, DHL expanded its operations to countries such as Hawaii, the Far East, Middle East, Africa and Europe. A major change in ownership occurred in 2002 when DHL was consolidated with Deutsche Post World Net. At present, DHL is already 100% owned by Deutsche Post World Net, but still retained the brand name, DHL. Considering brand association and retention, customers all over the world acknowledge DHL as â€Å"the global market leader in international express, overland transport and air freight. It is also the worlds number 1 in ocean freight and contract logistics. DHL offers a full range of customized solutions - from express document shipping to supply chain management.† (DHL 2008)

Teacher and Lords Prayer Essay Example for Free

Teacher and Lords Prayer Essay Prior to 1944, in British Columbia, the Public Schools Act (1872) permitted the use of the Lord’s Prayer in opening or closing school. In 1944, the government of British Columbia amended the Public Schools Act to provide for compulsory Bible reading at the opening of the school day, to be followed by a compulsory recitation of the Lord’s Prayer. This amendment appeared as section 167 of the Public Schools Act, and read as follows:[15] 167. All public schools shall be opened by the reading, without explanation or comment, of a passage of Scripture to be selected from readings prescribed or approved by the Council of Public Instruction. The reading of the passage of Scripture shall be followed by the recitation of the Lord’s Prayer, but otherwise the schools shall be conducted on strictly secular and non-sectarian principles. The highest morality shall be inculcated, but no religious dogma or creed shall be taught. 1948, c.42, s.167 The compulsory nature of the Bible reading and prayer recitation was slightly modified by regulations drawn up by the Council of Public Instruction. These regulations provided that either a teacher or student who has conscientious ground for objecting to the religious observances may be excused from them. The procedure to be followed in such cases was outlined in the regulations, which follow in full: Division (15)—Scripture Readings (Section 167) 15.01 Where a teacher sends a written notice to the Board of School Trustees or official trustee by whom he is employed that he has conscientious objections to conducting the. ceremony of reading prescribed selections from the Bible and reciting the Lord’s Prayer (as provided by Section 167 of the Public Schools Act), he shall be excused from such duty, and in such case it shall be the duty of the Board of School Trustees or official trustee concerned to arrange with the Principal to have the ceremony conducted by some other teacher in the school, or by a school trustee, or, where neither of these alternatives is possible, by one of the senior pupils of the school or by some other suitable person other than an ordained member of a religious sect or denomination. 15.02 Where the parent or guardian of any pupil attending a public school sends a written notice to the teacher of the pupil stating that for conscientious reasons he does not wish the pupil to attend the ceremony of reading prescribed selections from the Bible and reciting the Lord’s Prayer at the opening of school, the teacher shall excuse the pupil from attendance at such ceremony and at his discretion may assign the pupil some other useful employment at school during that period, but the pupil so excused shall not be deprived of any other benefits of the school by reason of his non-attendance at the ceremony. In 1982, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms received royal assent. Section 2 of the charter guaranteeing freedom of conscience and freedom of religion trumped Section 167 of the Public Schools Act (1872). Sixteen years later in 1996, based on precedent that would be established in Ontario (1989), required recitation of the Lord’s Prayer as outlined in the Public Schools Act would be held to violate the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In 1989, Joan Russow challenged, in the British Columbia Supreme Court, the Public Schools Act’s requirement that in British Columbia all public schools were to be opened with the Lord’s Prayer and a Bible reading. The argument was similar to the Zylberberg case and the result was the same: The offending words in the Public Schools Act were removed as being inconsistent with freedom of conscience and religion guarantees in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Further following the Zylberberg case to strike down use of the Lord’s Prayer in schools,[17] the British Columbia Supreme Court incorporated the Ontario Court of Appeals decision in Zylberberg in its entirety. From 1871 to 1989, observance of school prayer had declined. With the unfavorable court decision, the requirement for Christian morning exercises was replaced with the following clauses found in the School Act (1996) in British Columbia.[18] Conduct: 76 (1) All schools and Provincial schools must be conducted on strictly secular and nonsectarian principles. (2) The highest morality must be inculcated, but no religious dogma or creed is to be taught in a school or Provincial school.

A Little Bit of Truth Essay Essay Example for Free

A Little Bit of Truth Essay Essay For a week, six days in a row I went snowboarding. It was then that I thought where did the snow come from. At first I thought of â€Å"god† but of course there were no gods there are only spirits! So later on that day I thought of a weird and crazy Native American story. It had a little bit of truth with some personifications and a weird and crazy reason for why things were. So this is it. When the world was created the sheep said to their mother cow, â€Å"Why is there always rain we want something warmer†? The big, fat, and ugly mother cow snorted with her big partly abomination snout. Then she spoke with her vampire teeth that scared everyone including her (when she looked in the mirror). â€Å"You want something other than my humble and awesome rain†? she paused for a second thinking about her next statement, and then she finally said â€Å"OK Ill give you snow† and now this is why sheep love snow. But this isn’t the end, yet there is more to come. Instead of being really mean the mother cow didnt just punish her kid sheep, she created a short summer and fall and spring this was only because inside she had a pigs heart including the cows heart and that is why the snow melts and arrives. My theory is very reasonable and that is why you should believe in this also the wind god told me this while I was on the mountain. In conclusion my theory has truth and the wind got told me I wasnt crazy, so you have to believe.

Comparative Study of Bajaj and Hero Honda

Comparative Study of Bajaj and Hero Honda Bajaj Auto limited is one of the largest two wheeler manufacturing company in India apart from producing two wheelers they also manufacture three wheelers. The company had started way back in 1945. Initially it used to import the two wheelers from outside, but from 1959 it started manufacturing of two wheelers in the country. By the year 1970 Bajaj Auto had rolled out their 100,000th vehicle. Bajaj scooters and motor cycles have come an integral part of the Indian milieu and over the years have come to represent the aspirations of modern India. Bajaj Auto also has a technical tie up with Kawasaki heavy industries of Japan to produce the latest motorcycles in India which are of world class quality The Bajaj Kawasaki eliminator has emerged straight out of the drawing board of Kawasaki heavy industries. The core brand values of Bajaj Auto limited includes Learning, Innovation, Perfection, Speed and Transparency. Bajaj Auto has three manufacturing units in the country at Akurdi, Waluj and Chakan in Maharashtra, western India, which produced 2,314,787 vehicles in 2005-06. The sales are backed by a network of after sales service and maintenance work shops all over the country. Bajaj Auto has products which cater to every segment of the Indian two wheeler market Bajaj CT 100 Dlx offers a great value for money at the entry level. Similarly Bajaj Discover 125 offers the consumer a great performance without making a big hole in the pocket. Registered under the Indian Companies Act, VII of 1913 REGISTERED OFFICE Akurdi, Pune 411 035 WORKS Akurdi, Pune 411 035 Bajaj Nagar, Waluj Aurangabad 431 136 Chakan Industrial Area, Chakan, Pune 411 501 Type Public Founded 1945 Headquarter Pune, India Key  people Rahul Bajaj(Chairman) Revenue Rs. 1,01,063 billion (2006) or USD1.87 billion Net income Rs. 17,016 billion Employees Website www.bajajauto.com Bajaj Auto is a major Indian automobile manufacturer. It is Indias largest and the worlds 4th largest two- and three-wheeler maker. It is based in Pune, Maharashtra, with plants in Waluj near Aurangabad, Akurdi and Chakan, near Pune. Bajaj Auto makes motorscooters, motorcycles and the auto rickshaw. Contents 1HYPERLINK ../../../../../../../../C:/Documents and Settings/CIET/My Documents/Bajaj vs Hero Honda/New Folder/Bajaj_Auto.htm#Company.27s_history#Company.27s_historyCompanyHYPERLINK ../../../../../../../../C:/Documents and Settings/CIET/My Documents/Bajaj vs Hero Honda/New Folder/Bajaj_Auto.htm#Company.27s_history#Company.27s_historyHYPERLINK ../../../../../../../../C:/Documents and Settings/CIET/My Documents/Bajaj vs Hero Honda/New Folder/Bajaj_Auto.htm#Company.27s_history#Company.27s_historys history 1.1HYPERLINK ../../../../../../../../C:/Documents and Settings/CIET/My Documents/Bajaj vs Hero Honda/New Folder/Bajaj_Auto.htm#Timeline_of_new_releases#Timeline_of_new_releasesTimeline of new releases 2HYPERLINK ../../../../../../../../C:/Documents and Settings/CIET/My Documents/Bajaj vs Hero Honda/New Folder/Bajaj_Auto.htm#Scooters#ScootersScooters 3HYPERLINK ../../../../../../../../C:/Documents and Settings/CIET/My Documents/Bajaj vs Hero Honda/New Folder/Bajaj_Auto.htm#Motorcycles#MotorcyclesMotorcycles 4HYPERLINK ../../../../../../../../C:/Documents and Settings/CIET/My Documents/Bajaj vs Hero Honda/New Folder/Bajaj_Auto.htm#Upcoming_Models#Upcoming_ModelsUpcoming Models 5HYPERLINK ../../../../../../../../C:/Documents and Settings/CIET/My Documents/Bajaj vs Hero Honda/New Folder/Bajaj_Auto.htm#New_Image#New_ImageNew Image 6HYPERLINK ../../../../../../../../C:/Documents and Settings/CIET/My Documents/Bajaj vs Hero Honda/New Folder/Bajaj_Auto.htm#Forbes_Global_2000_Ranking_-_2005#Forbes_Global_2000_Ranking_-_2005Forbes Global 2000 Ranking 2005 7HYPERLINK ../../../../../../../../C:/Documents and Settings/CIET/My Documents/Bajaj vs Hero Honda/New Folder/Bajaj_Auto.htm#External_links#External_linksExternal links 8HYPERLINK ../../../../../../../../C:/Documents and Settings/CIET/My Documents/Bajaj vs Hero Honda/New Folder/Bajaj_Auto.htm#References#ReferencesReferences Companys history Bajaj Auto came into existence on November 29, 1945 as M/s Bachraj Trading Corporation Private Limited. It started off by selling imported two- and three-wheelers in India. In 1959, it obtained license from the Government of India to manufacture two- and three-wheelers and it went public in 1960. In 1970, it rolled out its 100,000th vehicle. In 1977, it managed to produce and sell 100,000 vehicles in a single financial year. In 1985, it started producing at Waluj in Aurangabad. In 1986, it managed to produce and sell 500,000 vehicles in a single financial year. In 1995, it rolled out its ten millionth vehicle and produced and sold 1 million vehicles in a year. Timeline of new releases 1971 three-wheeler goods carrier 1972 Bajaj Chetak 1976 Bajaj Super 1977 Rear engine Autorickshaw 1981 Bajaj M-50 1986 Bajaj M-80, Kawasaki Bajaj KB100 1990 Bajaj Sunny 1994 Bajaj Classic 1995 Bajaj Super Excel 1997 Kawasaki Bajaj Boxer, Rear Engine Diesel Autorickshaw 1998 Kawasaki Bajaj Caliber, Legend(Indias first four-stroke scooter) 2000 Bajaj Saffire 2001 Eliminator, Pulsar 2003 Caliber115, Bajaj Wind 125, Bajaj Pulsar 2004 Bajaj CT 100, New Bajaj Chetak 4-stroke with Wonder Gear, Bajaj Discover DTS-i 2005 Bajaj Wave, Bajaj Avenger, Bajaj Discover 2006 Bajaj Platina 2007 Bajaj Pulsar-200 Upcoming Models Bajaj Pulsar 220 DTS-Fi Bajaj Krystal Bajaj Blade Bajaj Sonic New Image The company, over the last decade has successfully changed its image from a scooter manufacturer to a two wheeler manufacturer, product range ranging from Scooterettes to Scooters to Motorcycle. Its real growth in numbers has come in the last 4 years after successful introduction of a few models in the motorcycle segment.The company is headed by Rahul Bajaj who is worth more than US$1.5 billion. History of Hero Honda India has the largest number of two wheelers in the world with 41.6 million vehicles. India has a mix of 30 percent automobiles and 70 percent two wheelers in the country. India was the second largest two wheeler manufacturer in the world starting in the 1950à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s with the birth of Automobile Products of India (API) that manufactured scooters. API manufactured the Lambrettas but, another company, Bajaj Auto Ltd. surpassed API and remained through the turn of the century from its association with Piaggio of Italy (manufacturer of Vespa). The license raj that existed between the1940s to1980s in India, did not allow foreign companies to enter the market and imports were tightly controlled. This regulatory maze, before the economic liberalization, made business easier for local players to have a sellerà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s market. Customers in India were forced to wait 12 years to buy a scooter from Bajaj. The CEO of Bajaj commented that he did not need a marketing department, only a dispatch department. By the year 1990, Bajaj had a waiting list that was twenty-six times its annual output for scooters. The motorcycle segment had the same long wait times with three manufacturers; Royal Enfield, Ideal Jawa, and Escorts. Royal Enfield made a 350cc Bullet with the only four-stroke engine at that time and took the higher end of the market but, there was little competition for their customers. Ideal Jawa and Escorts took the middle and lower end of the market respectively. In the mid-1980s, the Indian government regulations changed and permitted foreign companies to enter the Indian market through minority joint ventures. The two-wheeler market changed with four Indo-Japanese joint ventures: Hero Honda, TVS Suzuki, Bajaj Kawasaki and Kinetic Honda. The entry of these foreign companies changed the Indian market dynamics from the supply side to the demand side. With a larger selection of two-wheelers on the Indian market, consumers started to gain influence over the products they bought and raised higher customer expectations. Hero Honda Motorcycles Limited is an Indian manufacturer of motorcycles and scooters. Hero Honda is a joint venture that began in 1984 between the Hero group of India and Honda from Japan. It has been the worlds biggest manufacturer of 2-wheeled motorized vehicles since 2001, when it produced 1.3 million motorbikes in a single year. Hero Hondas Splendor is the worlds largest selling motorcycle[.Its 2 plants are in Dharuhera and Gurgaon, both in Haryana, India. It specializes in dual use motorcycles that are low powered but very fuel efficient. Contents 1HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#Models HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#ModelsModels 1.1HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#Bikes HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#BikesBikes 2HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#Company_Profile HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#Company_ProfileCompany Profile 2.1HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#Just-in-Time HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#Just-in-TimeJust-in-Time 2.2HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#Ancillarisation HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#AncillarisationAncillarisation 2.3HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#Dealer_Network HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#Dealer_NetworkDealer Network 2.4HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#Financial_Planning HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#Financial_PlanningFinancial Planning 2.5HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#Quality HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#QualityQuality 2.6HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#Diversification HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#DiversificationDiversification 3HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#External_links HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_Honda#External_linksExternal links [ Models ] Bikes Hero Honda Splendor Plus Hero Honda Passion Plus Hero Honda Karizma Hero Honda CBZ Hero Honda Super Splendor Hero Honda CD Dawn Hero Honda CD Deluxe Hero Honda Glamour MARKETING :s agents from Hero travels to all the corners of the country, visiting dealers and send back daily postcards with information on the stock position that day, turnover, fresh purchases, anticipated demand and also competitor action in the region. The manufacturing units have a separate department to handle dealer complaints and problems and the first response is always given in 24 hours. HYPOTHESIS [Financial Planning] The Hero Group benefits from the Group Chairmans financial acumen and his grasp on technology, manufacturing and marketing. Group Company, Hero Cycles Limited has one of the highest labor productivity rates in the world. In Hero Honda Motors Limited, the focus is on financial and raw material management and a low employee turnover. [ Quality ] Quality at Hero is attained not just by modern plants and equipment and through latest technology, but by enforcing a strict discipline. At the Group factories, attaining quality standards is an everyday practice a strictly pursued discipline. It comes from an amalgamation of the latest technology with deep-rooted experience derived from nearly four decades of hard labor. It is an attitude that masters the challenge of growth and change change in consumers perceptions about products and new aspirations arising from a new generation of buyers. Constant technology up gradation ensures that the Group stays in the global mainstream and maintains its competitive edge. With each of its foreign collaborations, the Group goes onto strengthen its quality measures as per the book. The Group also employs the services of independent experts from around the world to assist in new design and production processes. [ Diversification ] Throughout the years of enormous growth, the Group Chairman, Mr. Lall has actively looked at diversification. A considerable level of backward integration in its manufacturing activities has been ample in the Groups growth and led to the establishment of the Hero Cycles Cold Rolling Division, Munjal and Sunbeam Castings, Munjal Auto Components and Munjal Showa Limited amongst other component-manufacturing units. OUTCOMES After the data has been collected, it was tabulated and findings of the project were presented followed by analysis and interpretation to reach certain conclusions. Q-1 Which Model do you Have? Hero Honda Bajaj Splender 21 CT 100 7 Passion 13 Discover 12 Karizma 7 Pulsar 11 Any other 6 Any other 8 Q-2 In which family Income level do you Fall? 100000-200000 22 200000-300000 45 300000-400000 23 above 400000 10 Q-3 How would you rate the following factors of Bikes with respect to different company? Hero Honda Bajaj Mileage 74% 72% Price 68% 65% Pick up 70% 80% Maintenance 58% 62% Look Shape 85% 80% Brand Image 53% 55% Conclusion Most of the Pulsar, CBZ Karizma are purchased by young generation 18 to 30 because they prefer stylish looks and rest of the models of Hero Honda are purchased more by daily users who needs more average of bikes than looks. Hero Honda is considered to be most fuel-efficient bike on Indian roads. Service Spare parts are available throughout India in local markets also. While buying a motorcycle, economy is the main consideration in form of maintenance cost, fuel efficiency. Majority of the respondent had bought their motorcycle more than 3 years. RECOMMENDATIONS Bajaj should introduce some more models having more engine power. Hero Honda should think about fuel efficiency in case of upper segment bikes. More service centers should be opened. Maintenance cost and the availability of the spare parts should also be given due importance. They also introduce some good finance/discount schemes for students. The price should be economic.

Technology - Progress of Interstellar Travel :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Progress of Interstellar Travel      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The (un)likelihood of extraterrestrial   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   visitation is probably one of the   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  most debated aspects of the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis, the answer being   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   an essential component to the validity of the ETH. After all, the assumed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   unlikeliness of interstellar travel has become the cornerstone of those   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   who resist the ETH as an explanation for UFOs. So, does extraterrestrial   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   visitation necessarily require all sorts of "unlikely" science, or is it   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   possible to accomplish interstellar travel using conventional wisdom?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "If we at once admit the foolishness of these perennially suggested   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "impediments" to star flight, we will be on our way to understanding that   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  interstellar space does not need a bridge too far. Interstellar travel may   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   still be in its infancy, but adulthood is fast approaching, and our   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   descendants will someday see childhood's end"[1].         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Opinions on the practicality of interstellar travel diverge, but the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   negative and positive opinions are seen to stem primarily from the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   differences in background of those people doing the studies.   SETI   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   researchers think that the degree of dispersion of stars throughout the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   galaxy, combined with the limitations of interstellar travel as we   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   understand general relativity, effectively preclude the feasibility of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   extraterrestrial visitation, thus believing that any extraterrestrial   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   intelligence would only be transmitting their love and good wishes to us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The other group, largely composed of physicists and engineers involved in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   propulsion research, tends to believe that interstellar travel is   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   difficult, but not a barrier, or not difficult at all once technology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   progresses [1]. Not surprisingly, the latter choice appears to be the most   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   defensible.           Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Quite a number of clever designs have appeared in print, describing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   various methods of getting mankind to the stars.   These include such   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   projects as the star probe Daedalus, a robot interstellar vehicle designed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   by members of the British Interplanetary Society which uses nuclear fusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   power, or interstellar ramjets which scoop up their fuel between the

Anorexia and Bulimia Essay -- Causes of Bulimia Nervosa, Anorexia

Bulimia Nervosa I sat there staring in the mirror filled with disgust at the figure on the other end. I thought â€Å" another day, another day living and thinking of nothing else but the way that I look naked, the way I look with clothes on, and the way other people look at me.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I was 17 years old when I began to have the premature symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa. I was a cheerleader for a national competition squad, and was worried about being able to tumble to my full potential because of the extra weight that I was carrying. But more importantly I was uncomfortable with the way I felt with myself. I had a low self-esteem and was constantly worried about what others thought of me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I tried many different strategies to lose weight. From starving myself to exercising constantly, nothing was working. I was desperate and wanted nothing else but to lose weight. As I became more and more worried about my weight the more depressed I became. With the onset of depression I started to eat even more. I ate, one day, to the point that I was sick, and felt miserable about myself, so I threw up. Afterward I felt great about myself. I had found some way hat I could control my weight, which in hand was my life. It became a lifeline for me; I was addicted to the feeling of throwing up once a day. The feeling of being hungry was for me happiness; I was disgusted and felt huge physically when I wasn’t hungry. I went from a solid size 12 to a solid size 6 in less than two months. I lost 20 pounds, and still was not happy with myself. I was suprised that no one questioned me or asked how I did it. All I heard was how great I looked.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"1%-3% of adolescent and young adult females develop bulimia,† (Hales, p.250). And the statistics seem to be rising. One theory of why this is happening is that bulimia is influenced by fashion pressures to be thin and the social fixation on the idea of thinness is beauty. This fixation is the same, says John Matthews the author of Eating Disorders, as those suffering from anerexia. There is also an increase in numbers of bulimics due to the social expectance of the disease and the urgency of the disease to be treated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The awarness of what Bulimia Nervosa is and the symptoms of the disease are becoming more common place in our society.... ...an Psychiatric Association, is 90% female, more likely white in race, and is from a more industrialized country, for example the United States, Canada, Europe, or Australia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Individuals with Bulimia Nervosa have been compared to those who suffer from alcoholism. We both encounter the day to day battles to stay healthy and not relapse. We both learn to talk about our problem to others whether it is a group such as AA, or in my case with my family. An individual with Bulimia Nervosa needs support just as an individual with alcoholism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The help that is out there is enormous for any individual suffering with the battle of an eating disorder. The problem is not the availability of help; it is we as a society. We need to become more comfortable talking about the symptoms of the individual with the eating disorder, and the different ways to over come the disorder. One solution that helped my treatment was the understanding of exercise, and a healthy diet. Sometimes in our busy life’s we forget to teach our children about healthy living, however we have the expectation that they will be perfect on the inside and the outside.

Community Service Project Reflection Essay -- Volunteer Work, Service

The thought of community service was a bore to me before I began my volunteer work. I dreaded starting my community service although I knew I had to do it. Where I earned my hours did not even matter to me. I just wanted to get it over with. To my surprise it was not what I expected. Community service was not a painful experience; it was a very enjoyable and beneficial experience. I performed my community service with Habitat for Humanity. The non†profit organization chooses the applicant that purchases the house and Habitat only charges them the cost of the materials. Almost every worker is a volunteer so Habitat for Humanity does not have to pay a high amount of wages. I felt good about myself being one of those volunteers. The future owner of the house had to work on it too. They are...

ACE Hardware Point of Purchase Observation

Determine the shoppers' decision process. B. Methodology The strength of observation methods lies In â€Å"what It Is†. The subject is not required to recall actions, to answer a questionnaire or to complete a personal Interview. Likewise, the observer Is not In a position to Interpret an answer by an Interviewee. Action is recorded not interpretation. Covert observational research is used. Researchers do not identify themselves. Researchers are either mixing in the subjects undetected, or observing from the distance.This method is used so that the subjects' behavior will not be contaminated by the presence of the researcher. Customers will be observed regardless of whether or not they Interested in certain departments or whether they seemed to be only passing through. All persons, once â€Å"picked up†, will be documented and considered In the analysis even If no purchases are made. The observation location will be focused on the ground floor of ACE Hardware BCC.Resear chers will spread accordingly to the customers movements. The conversion rate of the store will be determined by observing the number of customers coming in only from the main door and customers purchasing at the cashiers of the ground level. Any other activities that take place on the other floor(s) ill not be observed. To avoid biases regarding the elements of the store, researchers will also implement some simple personal interview to the ACE Hardware staffs.By doing so, researchers may interpret the observational data collected more accurately. C. Point of Purchase Observation Things to be observed: Store Measurement Conversion or Closure Rate The amount of time a shopper spends In a store Interception Rate (percentage of customers who have contact with a store employee) Shopping Behavior Departments visited Things seen and touched Things put In the cart Time spent Purchase decision Store Management .Display Location of each departments Products put on the rack at the height the eye level Price tags (is there any differences between products displayed on display table and those on the rack) Differences of products on the height of eye level, above eye level, and under eye level (price, type, colors, shape, etc. ) Products arrangement Lighting b. Store Assistances Employees approach to consumers How to deal with queries and complaints c. In Store Promotion Current promotions Terms and conditions of the promotion Upcoming promotions d. Service Environment Must be available in the service Environment

Love in LA Essay

The difference between two separate opinions of love could be very similar, yet could be drastically contrasting. In the story â€Å"Love in L. A. â€Å", written by Dagoberto Gilb, Jake has, what would appear to a normal person, a skewed vision of love. Out of everything in his world he could chose to love, it is his car that he loves. His car means everything to him and it seems as if nothing else matters. In the story â€Å"The Love of My Life†, by T. C. Boyle, two teenagers seem to love each other so passionately that they are willing to risk the life of their own child to keep, what they consider in their eyes, a perfect life. Like Jake in â€Å"Love in L. A. † and the teenagers in â€Å"The Love of My Life†, people’s view on love can sway many different ways, sometimes clouding their ability to make the proper decision. In â€Å"Love in L. A. † Jake has a deep love for his car and everything about it. Even as he rides in his car, he thinks of ways to make it better. While he describes adding accessories such as â€Å"crushed velvet interior†¦ warm heater and defroster†¦ and cruise control,† Jake falls even further into a daze. To the reader the car is just an old piece of junk. This old piece of junk is more than enough to keep Jake happy. Without any friends or someone to talk to, his beat up Buick is the only thing he is able to connect with. For example, his awkward encounter with Mariana shows how strangers perceive him, which could be a contributory reason to why he has such a connection with his car. Instead of having a relationship with a human being, in a way he has a relationship with an inanimate object. The teenagers in â€Å"The Love of My Life† have an offbeat view of love. They love each other greatly and will do anything for love, even if it means throwing their newborn baby in a dumpster like a piece of unwanted garbage. Both of them are at fault for the situation that they now find themselves in. Even though the Jeremy is in jail for murdering their young child, the girl pressured him into doing so. If they both love each other as they claim, the girl wouldn’t have pressured Jeremy into murdering the baby, and the guy should not have given in for the sake of love. Their view of love is off in the sense that they are too caught up in loving themselves and believe that having a baby will ruin their lives. They don’t want to take the time to love their baby because it will take away time that they would get to spend together. If they truly loved each other, they would take the baby into their lives and love it like they love one another. Along with not having a view of love that would be considered â€Å"normal†, Jake does not seem to have a real grasp of what is acceptable and what is not. After giving fake information to the girl he just rear ended while day dreaming about his beloved car, he drives away pondering what just unfolded. He feels some guilt and shows signs that hint towards knowing what is right and wrong, â€Å"[taking] a moment or two to feel both proud and sad about his performance. But soon after he is content and the only thing on his mind is getting new license plates for his car since he stole the old plates off of an old junk car. His love for the car clouds his reasoning and forces him to make decisions influenced by him loving his car. As most teenagers would say, having a baby before the age of twenty is a burden someone of that age could go without. The teenagers in â€Å"The Love of My Life† seem to hold the same opinion, but the teens in the story took a route not heavily traveled upon. Without thinking of a plan to safely get rid of the baby, like adoption, their first reaction was to throw the baby in a dumpster. Short term fix, ending with heavy consequences. The reason for their decision was based off love. In Jake’s eyes, the love that he has for his car is no different than loving something physically. The car that he drives makes him happy and gives him something to do. It is clear that nothing, not even a fender bender, can keep him from loving his car. On the other hand, the lack of love the teenagers show towards their child in â€Å"The Love of My Life† shows that they have tunnel vision when it comes to love. They are focused on themselves and they will stop at nothing to keep their love intact. Depending on how a person is raised or influenced throughout life, love can have many different meanings. Like Jake in â€Å"Love in L. A. †, love doesn’t always have to be associated with other people. Love can influence people in a negative way like â€Å"The Love of My Life,† but could also have a positive impact. As experienced in both stories, people’s views on love can sway many different ways, sometimes affecting their ability to make the proper choice.

Why Has Audience Positioning Towards Gangster Films and Their Main Characters Changed Throughout the Evolution of Film?

â€Å"Why has audience positioning towards Gangster films and their main characters Changed throughout the evolution of film? † â€Å"The crime ? lm is the most enduringly popular of all Hollywood genres, the only kind of ? lm that has never once been out of fashion since the dawn of the sound era seventy years ago. †-Thomas Leitch The central theme of the gangster film has always revolved around law and order and essentially boils down to the Criminal institutions fighting one another or fighting a corrupt authority.Movies such as ‘The Godfather’, ‘Goodfellas’ and ‘Public enemies’ follow the same plot of organised crime. That is what the films are about, seeing as though the central characters operate under their own premise of law, the narratives involve their relationship with the authorities and agencies of law enforcement while the plots are usually structured around the process by which they are brought to justice. But throug hout the evolution of the gangster genre is a central argument reflecting a fundamental difference in audience stance towards the gangster hero.This plays on an Active audience theory as the audience take in the information they are given and pick sides. The contrast of audience opinion is displayed in a variety of different ways. In the film The Godfather, Sterling Hayden (Captain McCluskey) is the official figure, he is quickly revealed to be very brutal and corrupt, being a key person on the Tattaglia's payroll. When some enforcers of the Corleone family protect Don Vito Corleone, McCluskey has them taken away. Michael arrives soon after and realizes this.Soon after, while Michael is guarding the entrance of the hospital with Enzo the baker, McCluskey and his guys drive up and harrass the two, ordering that they be taken in. When the officer refuses, McCluskey hits Michael across the face, badly bruising his face and breaking his jaw. Gangster movies frequently demonstrate that s ociety’s official institutions are as corrupt as the criminals they oppose (politicians in The Untouchables, multi-national corporations in Scarface. this positions the audience on the side of the gangsters in the film and against the authoritative figure. Gangster films dictate audience positioning by setting the Gangsters in the role of the hero in Propp’s Character theory and the official figures as the villains, an example of this being used is. â€Å"The dynamic of every crime film focuses on the relationship between three sets of characters: the perpetrator, the victim and the avenger, but typically gangster narratives seek to undermine and blur the boundaries between the typological figures. †-Thomas Leitch.This quote from Thomas Leicht perfectly illustrates how the narratives of Gangster movies dictate audience positioning by â€Å"blurring the boundaries† between the institutions of the characters. A dominant and largely widespread basis on which Hollywood’s depiction of the underworld is fabricated is the domineering moral view that crime does not pay this may have resulted from early fears of audience reception through out-dated theories such as the hypodermic needle theory in which producers and political figures feared that an audience seeing a life of crime pay would be tempted to stray into the life of organised crime.An example of an early gangster film that shows a ‘Crime doesn’t pay’ attitude is Little Caesar 1931. The main charecters, Caesar Enrico â€Å"Rico† Bandello and Joe Massara follow different paths with Rico following a life of crime and Joe, against Rico’s persuasion, follows a life without crime. Ultimately Joe lives the better life with Rico ending up dead and alone.Modern films such as ‘Lawless’2012 follow a the opposite narrative with crime paying out at the end of the film with the three Bondurant brothers-Forrest, Howard and Jack ultimately beat ing a corrupt authority and saving their money from their bootlegging and settling down to family life although the film still shows that maybe the payoff of crime is not worth it as the consequences for their action s does result in the near death of Forrest Bondurant (Tom Hardy) on two occasions along with injuries sustained by all three brothers and the death of Cricket Pate (Dane DeHanne).Narratives such as these can now exist as the hypodermic needle theory is now recognised as invalid after â€Å"the research movement, led by Paul Lazarsfeld and Herta Herzog, that would disprove the magic bullet or hypodermic needle theory, as Hadley Cantril managed to show that reactions to the broadcast were, in fact, diverse, and were largely determined by situational and attitudinal attributes of the listeners. Showing thataudiences do not just absorb the information they see on screen, such as in the BoBo doll experiment, but rather actively receive the information and choose between a D ominant, negotiated or oppositional reading of the film, this invalidation of the hypodermic needle theory would add greatly to thr rise of the gangster film as films were no longer limited to the â€Å"crime does not pay† narrative set by state censors. This assessment provides the moral foundation to the ‘rise and fall’ narrative that is the central theme for numerous gangster movies.But it is a view that has frequently been respected, reluctantly, and at critical points in the development of the gangster film, only after external intervention. Particularly in that subset of the gangster film that focuses on the Prohibition era, audiences’ positioning echoes that of society more generally: ‘law-abiding’ members of the community started to associate with the gangster who has become a preferred supplier. The 2012 film â€Å"Lawless† is a good example of this with the Bondurant Brothers being more respected and idolised than the authorit ies.These contrasts in audience opinion spread further to the gangsters’ own attitude toward the law and its enforcement. Although in various gangster movies the gang leader is ,himself, a basis of law enforcement inside a closed gangster society (Don Coreleon-Marlon Brando The Godfather), a dominant theme running through much of the sub-genre explores the gangsters’ desire for acceptance in the straight and official world, particularly in those films which locate gangster activity within immigrant communities.Although the gangster film dates back to the early days of the silent era, it wasn’t until the advent of sound that the genre fully came into its own, when real-life gangsters like Al Capone were at the height of their own notoriety the public thirsted for seeing charismatic criminals on screen. Because of the relentless violence and unmerciful nature of the central characters, the gangster film helped to form Hollywood’s Production Code, which mean t that no criminal deeds went without repercussions, even though it was obvious that this was untrue in the real world.Throughout the evolution of film as the Code was ignored by grittier and more realistic films, the gangster movie was an always popular genre that gave rise to some of cinema’s greatest stars and directors i. e. Marlon Brando and Francis Ford Coppola. When gangster movies first started being produced in the 1920’s, audiences were attracted to crime and gangster films because of the way these films were shot, and the images they saw on screen. Audiences started to enjoy these Gangster movies because of the reality they offered about the corrupt political and authoritative figures of the time (prohibition era).The organised crime, violence, and drug use in gangster films made the audience more aware of the government and authorities’ attitude towards the three main problems of organized crime, violence and drug use of the prohibition era. This is one of the main reasons crime and gangster films have continued to remain popular. Organised crime and gangster films have continued help to fill societies need for reality. By using violent male characters and romantic female characters, two main stereotypes of gangster films, both sexes are attracted to this genre of film.Films like Bonnie and Clyde and The Godfather represented a gangster character that was no longer a savage, relentless criminal, rather, a gangster that had become humanized. A study into this genre shift explored earlier film representations and the more classical view of the gangster as a monster such as in the 1932 Scarface, while DePalmas Scarface presents the gangster Tony Montana (Al Pachino) is a psychopathic murderer but through certain scenes in the audience is positioned on the side of Tony.An example of this is the scene where Tony is carrying out a hit on a journalist with a hitman. They are to blow his car up with the explosives in front of the Unite d Nations building, but are surprised to see the man's wife and two daughters enter the car with him at his hotel. Tony, now extremely reluctant to continue with the hit, becomes increasingly agitated with the hitman, who refuses to deviate from Sosa's orders, until Tony completely snaps.In a cocaine-induced rage, he murders the hitman, who was supposed to kill the journalist, screaming at his dead body deliriously. This scene, although portraying Tony as drugged up and about to execute a murder, shows Tony’s conscience and still shows a salvageable character which positions the audience on his side through a negotiated reading of the scene. The audience of this scene broadly accept the preferred reading but use prior scenes in the film to reach the positioning on the character Tony Montana .A study of the plot, setting, characters, themes, motifs, and props found in both films present a different view of the gangster . Many gangster films have remained popular and still cont inue to gather audiences due to them achieving a cult status such as the 1932 film Scarface The plot of the crime and gangster movie has not tended to deviated from the same standard plot throughout the evolution of film: the male character is striving to live the American dream and he does so by getting involved in illegal and often violent activities.This plot leads to the common theme in gangster films which is a male character who wants to live the American dream and that the only way to do so is to become involved in organised crime and becomes deceitful. He begins to lie, steal and kill in order to make money, which is the fuel for their dream. While he is living this lifestyle he falls in love with the female character that is good and wants the male to get out of the illegal mess he is in. He promises her he will, after he does one last job.This last job he does will either land him in jail or in a coffin. Examples of these plots and characters can be seen in movies such asà ‚  Donnie Brasco The early 1930s produced many of the iconic classics like Little Caesar and Scarface (1932) that became the template for other gangster films that followed, usually a poor immigrant who in a pursuit of the American dream and has a quick rise to the top through becoming involved with organised crime, only to fall prey to an even faster fall that ends in a violent death. See paragraph above) although gangster films did suffer shortly after Little Ceasar’s relase in 1932 as public opnion turned sharply against the gangster genre with vast influence from state censors and â€Å"moral guardians† who thought the films unfit to be seen. Newspaper smear campaigns against the gangster genre were launched and even the extremely popular magazine ‘variety’ stated that â€Å"the major industry quit gangster themes because the public just tired of them†.Not until the application of the Production code administration did the Gangster genre effecti vely die out in the 1930’s, although the public opinion had been turned against the gangster genre through popular culture, the justice department who believed that the genre â€Å"encouraged general disrespect for police and a lenient attitude towards thugs† still maintained that the genre opened with an exculpatory preface and closed with a crime-does-not-pay warning.Few critics paid attention to the crime genre before the 1970’s critics were more interested in films that were the very antithesis of the crime film. The crime genre suffered neglect against the westerns which enjoyed renaissance on the big screen. The low budgets of the early crime films resulted in the absence of Technicolor where westerns like â€Å"Shane† 1953 continued to be popular.Not until Alfred Hitchcock gained predominance in the suspense genre which resulted in academic critics paying attention to the crime genre which ultimately resulted in the resurgence of the gangster genre into the public eye. Crime and gangster films will continue to be produced as audiences want a film that gives them a sense of reality. This is an example of Blulmer and katz uses and gratification theory. Since people tend to feel that government officials are corrupt these films will most likely continue to show corrupt law officers and government officials, who are deceiving and lying to the public.Gangster films have become and will remain iconic because they offer audiences escapism and show an audience a glorified life of gangster who are presented as being charismatic character’s that the audience like to imagine they could be The grandeur that is presented in the Characters life also makes the audience believe that maybe crime does pay, but the gangster genre will continue to remain popular down to one of the most basic sides of human nature, greed.As corporate capitalism promoted consumerism the gap between the classes widened, Americans became infatuated with the g angster whose stylish dress and expensive cars yet humble origins defied the boundaries separating social class. As long as a gangster films presents a life of grandeur audiences will use them as a source of escapism. Leitch, Thomas, Crime Films (CUP, Cambridge, 2002) ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Thomas Leitch, Crime films- Cambridge press [ 2 ]. Audience Theory-Litnotes. co. uk [ 3 ].Thomas Leitch, Crime films- Cambridge press. [ 4 ]. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hypodermic_needle_model [ 5 ]. Ultimate book of Gangster movies [ 6 ]. Humanizing the gangster [ 7 ]. The gangster film: emergence, variation, and decay of a genre, 1930-1940 [ 8 ]. Pre-Code Hollywood: Sex, Immorality, and Insurrection in American Cinema 1930-1934 page-155-156 [ 9 ]. Pre-Code Hollywood: Sex, Immorality, and Insurrection in American Cinema 1930-1934page-156 [ 10 ]. Mafia stories and the American gangster by Fred L. Gardaphe. Ch. 10: pages 110-120.

Fahrenheit 451 and There Will Come Soft Rains Essay

A majority amount of stories may have a similar trait to another piece of writing. A large amount of stories have been compared in ways such as theme, settings, characters, irony, and close evidence of foreshadowing. Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury and â€Å"There Will Come Soft Rains,† by Ray Bradbury are an example of similar stories by sharing some of the same qualities. These two readings can be said to be identical in some ways by containing a common idea of negative effects of war and the value of the natural world but can be contrasted by being consisted of two different kinds of main characters. Fahrenheit 451 shows these aspects throughout the novel. In Fahrenheit 451 Mrs. Phelps says, Anyway, Pete and I always said, no tears nothing like that. It’s our third and we’re independent. Be independent, we always said. He said, if I get killed off, you just go right and don’t cry, but get married again, and don’t think of me. (Bradbury 95) This shows negative effects of war by saying that Mrs. Phelps shouldn’t cry if her husband is killed and needs to get married again and be independent like her and her husband always said. This can be compared to all the wives who lose their husbands in war and become widows. In Fahrenheit it shows the value of the natural world. This is shown when Faber says, â€Å"NO, no, it’s not books at all you’re looking for! Take it where you can find it, in old phonograph records, old motion pictures, and in old friends; look for it in nature and look for it in yourself† ( Bradbury 128). This shows that Faber values that natural and thinks everyone should look at it the way he does. Nature should be valued and many people take advantage of it in Faber’s opinion and even do it in today’s world. Fahrenheit’s main character is Montag and is demonstrated With his symbolic helmet numbered 451 on his solid head, and his eyes all orange flame with- the thought of what came next, he flickered the igniter and the house jumped up in gorging fire that burned the evening sky red and yellow and black. (Bradbury 3) Montag is the main character who is the firefighter who ignites homes if they contain any books. This seems very odd because in today’s society Fireman are supposed to stop fires and save lives not start them. These three points of comparison and contrast are also shown in Bradbury’s other story, â€Å"There Will Come Soft Rains.† The short story, â€Å"There Will Come Soft Rains† is similar to Fahrenheit 451 but readers can also see different aspects in both readings. â€Å"This house was the one home left standing. At night the ruined city gave off a radioactive glow which could be seen for miles† (Bradbury 615). Radioactive means that there was some type of nuclear weapon that destroyed the city. So the one home that was left became independent after everything was destroyed. Nature will live on even if man is gone and nothing is living on earth (Bradbury 615-617). This is shown by nature taking over this city after all men depart. All of the plants and trees are still living by themselves with no help from and will continue to grow on their own. â€Å"The house tried to save itself. Doors sprang tightly shut, but the windows were broken by the heat and the wind blew and sucked upon the fire† (Bradbury 618). The house was the main character because it was the only thing left in the city and was very significant. The house tried to save itself by fighting the fire and trying to stop it from burning it down just like our firefighters do today. Negative effects of war, value of the natural world, and main characters are all compared and contrasted in Fahrenheit 451 and â€Å"There Will Come Soft Rains.† Montag and the house were both the main characters from the different stories and could be said to be very different in many ways. Mrs. Phelps and her husband in Fahrenheit and the house in soft rains were both independent t and showed the trait of negative effects of war. The value of the natural world was shown in both stories by being mentioned many times and that people should real appreciate what it does for us and not take advantage of it. In the society of today, Americans dying and wives losing their husbands to violence in war is very visible and is a negative effect just as it is in both pieces of reading. In different eyes of readers these stories can be said to be similar and different in multiple ways.

“Connected, but Alone” TED Talk

The TED talk, â€Å"Connected, but alone† by Sherry Turkle talks about how big of an influence technology had become in our generation and how it changed our social interaction. Sherry Turkle talked about how we turn to our phones or other gadgets to have a feeling of acceptance, companionship and interaction. She elucidated in her speech that people nowadays neglect social interaction with others around them and would rather tap away on their phones. She ended her speech hoping that technology can bring people back to the real world and connect us all with each other. I do agree that technology connected us to the world enabling us to learn more about the things around but in the long run, cultivated a feeling of isolation in us. Technology had connected us to the rest of the world but not with each other. At this day and age, technology had become a primary necessity for us. Professionals, students, employees or anyone rely mostly on technology to make their work easier for them. It is continuously developing and improving to make new inventions or improve old ones. Technology has done a lot of good things for us especially for Filipinos. It is not new for Filipinos to have at least one family member as an OFW and we find it hard to communicate with them regularly which is one of the problems that technology has fixed. Now, we can talk to anyone in the world no matter how far they are for us, for free. But even with these good benefits, we often tend to isolate ourselves from the real world and ignore the things or people around us. I can relate to this because as a teenager who grew up with computers and gadgets, I also feel that sometimes, since I can do everything in the internet, I would just stay in the house and tap away on my phone. Sometimes people would attend parties or other formal gatherings to interact with friends or family but now, some are just doing it to take pictures to post on Facebook or Instagram, flaunting their outfits to get a lot of â€Å"likes† which has now become a measure of confidence for some people. Families would sit around the dining table but instead of talking to each other about how their days went, everyone would be on their gadgets. We are also introduced to â€Å"virtual friends†, or people we find online and chat with them. While this is also a good example of how technology has made communication easier for us, when we actually feel the need to talk to someone personally and want to be around people, we feel lonely because we spent too much time online instead going out and meet up with friends. Sherry Turkle ended the TED talk by saying that we need to focus on the ways that technology can lead us back to our real lives. While technology brought about a lot of innovations to make work easier for humans, we must not completely rely on it and we must experience the world in real life and not just through a screen. Overall, the TED talk was effective and accurately describes how our generation utilizes technology for communication. I hope that this TED talk may serve as a wake-up call to not lose our connection with people in the real world and use technology to further improve communication without completely disregarding actual and real-life interaction.

Health and Health Behaviour Workbook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health and Health Behaviour Workbook - Essay Example Ethnicity, to a large extent is related to the genetic makeup of individuals. Individuals having identical ethnic origins are likely to possess similar genetic codes and it is for this reason that the pattern of disease in an ethnically similar population is characteristic of that ethnicity. Genetic information to a large extent determines the susceptibility of an ethnic group to certain diseases. The underlying mechanism may relate to over or under-production of certain factors (e.g. proteins or antibodies), absence of formation of certain chemical mediators, defects in immunity resulting in heightened vulnerability to certain infectious agents or anatomical differences arising due to genetic differences. Age is perhaps one of the most well-known factors that influence an individual’s health. Newborns with a naà ¯ve immune system are more prone to infectious disease. As the age advances, the various systems of the body start to function in an improved manner due to continuous development and exposure to external environment. Individuals of young age are less prone to the development of disease; however this is not a rule and it is likely that individuals develop certain conditions which are characteristic of young age, e.g. Acne is more common in the young age than at the extremes of ages. In the terminal part of the age, the waning function of the various systems of the body, render the individuals more prone to the development of disease. Gender has profound impact on the development or aggravation of disease. This complex effect is compounded by genetic factors, ultimately resulting in development of disease due to a complex interplay of the various factors that may include hormonal factors, immune status, dietary factors, ethnicity and various others. Physiological differences are closely related to genetic differences; for this reason the range of diseases that occur due to physiological difference are often closely related to

Ancient Roman Charioteers in the Roman Myths Essay

Ancient Roman Charioteers in the Roman Myths - Essay Example The sources reveal that most Roman charioteers died at a young age, thus implying the danger of such a career. For example, one driver for the Blue faction in around AD 68 died at the age of 25 (ILS 5284). Crescent, the driver for the Blue faction in around Ad 115-124 died at 22 years old (ILS 5285). Moreover, Fuscus, a driver for the Greens, died in around AD 35 at the age of 24 (ILD 5278). In the same way, Marcus Aurelius Polynices died at 29 and his brother Marcus Aurelius Mollicius Tatianus died at 20 (ILS 5286). All of these documented accounts of charioteers were never able to live past the age of 29. In fact, although some of the ancient Roman charioteers may have survived the race past the age of 30, charting as a career still posed as a great danger to many charioteers considering that there was always the possibility that one’s life would end early. The sources imply that the impulse to win and to keep racing was great despite the danger because of the promise of reward and recognition, thus further endangering one’s life in the seemingly endless pursuit of such a career. The promise and temptation of the rewards accorded to the best charioteers must have been a continuous source of inspiration for many young charioteers who sought fame, fortune and recognition. For example, the driver for the Blue faction in around AD 68 received honors 354 times (ILS 5284). Glabrio, in around AD 115-124, received prizes of 1,558,346 sesterces (ILS 5285). In addition, Marcus Aurelius Polynices won the 40,000-sesterces prize 3 times, the 30,000-sesterces prize 26 times, and the pure prize 11 times (ILS 5286). Lacerta of the Reds also made as much money as to finance 100 lawyers to leave his sons (ILS 5287). Publius Aelius Gutta Calpurnianus, also won numerous awards, with the greatest at 50,000 sesterces once, 40,000 sesterces 9 times, an d 30,000 sesterces 17 times (ILS 5288). Such prices have been so great and so there was always the  drive in the charioteers to achieve these rewards. Moreover, erected monuments and speeches to glorify the victors even in their deaths actually served as an inspiration to many charioteers to keep on with their careers.  

Maritime History & Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Maritime History & Book Review - Essay Example The sailors were known to be ill-mannered in many respects like getting very drunk and got the boat stove inorder to stop the vessel from coming back as soon as expected. The sailor’s work involved staying on shore and watching the stores from persons with bad intentions. Their work enabled them to earn some little money, had better food in abundance. The sailor’s relation with the captain was not positive as the captain never trusted the sailors as they use to misuse the store resources and sometimes run away from the vessel and this barred him from making doing good business. The life of a sailor was full of danger with the many skirmishes and sieges across the Atlantic, Mediterranean and the West Indian Oceans (Equiano 97). Due to their living conditions as sailors they naturally resulted to being rebellious of their captains and being carefree. The sailors were known to mistreat the slaves on the basis of their being black men. Equiano’s status of being a black man and former slave affected his maritime career as he was new to the European culture. He accepts this and enrolls himself in a school. Free black men were only allowed to invest only in black organizations. Equiano’s race made some of his fellow sailor’s skeptical as it was a risky action to let a black person know navigation. The Indian laws had strict laws about the access of slaves to ships as this was a prospect to escape (Edwards 39). Being a black man he was accused of trying to run away when they were in Philadelphia. Due to his race the whites always tried to cheat on him when trading as they imagined him to be uncivilized and thus could take advantage by failing to pay and bad debts. He was also assaulted by Dr. Perkins on the basis of his being a black man. His life was determined by his race where the black people were mistreated by the whites. This was his major setback on his maritime career as a black man. The most

To be Determined Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

To be Determined - Essay Example Their joy therefore reflects their perfect and pure relationship they behold. The two lovers portray the fulfillment one gets in loving the partner. Porphyria is quite in love and even lacks words to express it to the lover. Later on, the lover finds out that she is much deep in love with him, when he says "at last I knew Porphyria worshipped me".{Browning}. In Rossetti's poem, the theme of love and passion has been explored in a unique manner. This is because the image of love and passion has taken two dimensions, such that the author is bringing out Kate's engagement as perfect and standing the test of time. While her cousin's is doomed after what she held precious is lost. She talks of leading a shameless shameful life and not even the neighbors have regard for her. This changes the theme to that of Hate because she rail against the fact that she was lured by wealth and would not have taken her love's hand when she knew that she would treat her like a rag and plaything. This purposefully reveals to us the sufferings one can be faced with when they fail in finding a true love that cares and values them. Rossetti's poem is therefore driving in some important message of love and suffering intertwined together. Such that not all love come to blossom especially if one is lured by wealth and not real love, i.e. if it's bought. Styles brought out In regard to the two poems, the major style explored is imagery. It is clearly brought out in the Browning's in which we are able to visualize the setting of the poem and even the passion shared by the two. The beach because we are told that she withdrew the dripping cloak and shawl. A clear picture is brought out when porphyria's lover gives a vivid description on the way his love blazes up a gloomy grate and warms up the cold lodge. This enough tells us how much she is of value to him. Imagery in Christina's poem is brought out through the woman who has been deserted by the lover. The suffering can be seen in her choice of regretful words. We are also able to see the kind of peaceful and lovely life her cousin Kate is leading with her love which was described as planted in sand yet hers was founded in great love and wealth. Imagery in this poem has also been portrayed through the use of metaphor and simile. She has indirectly compared Kate's love with writ in sand, "You love was writ in sand" {Rosssetti}.meaning that her love was not founded on a strong ground but later survived. She even refers to Kate as 'fret' to mean that she is simply a trouble. This shows how resentful she feels towards her cousin Kate for having succeeded in her relationship. There is also use of similes to directly compare a person or situation, for example. "He wore me like a silken knot" "He changed me like a glove" These two comparisons give us an idea about the value that was accorded to the woman by the lover. In that he manipulated her according to his desires and later on dumped her just like one can throw away a used useless glove. Therefore this style can be said to be laying a lot of emphasis on the theme of hate since the woman does not only hate the lover but also dislikes the cousin for having a good life. Besides, it's